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Bhaktapur Durbar Square
Jul 26, 2023

Bhaktapur Durbar Square is a captivating historical site located in the heart of Bhaktapur City, Nepal. It is one of the three Durbar Squares in the Kathmandu Valley and holds significant cultural and architectural importance. Designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, this square serves as a living testament to the rich history of the Malla dynasty, which once ruled over the region.

The Durbar Square is a splendid ensemble of palaces, temples, courtyards, and statues, showcasing the remarkable craftsmanship of ancient Newari artisans. Upon entering the square, visitors are transported back in time, surrounded by a sense of majesty and grandeur. The square is a vibrant hub of activity, attracting tourists and locals alike.

One of the prominent features of Bhaktapur Durbar Square is the 55-Window Palace (Pachpanna Jhyale Durbar), a marvel of Newari architecture. With its intricate woodwork and traditional design, this palace stands as a symbol of the artistic prowess of the Malla dynasty. Adjacent to the palace is the Golden Gate (Lu Dhowka), a lavishly gilded entranceway leading to the Taleju Temple complex. The Golden Gate is a striking masterpiece that showcases Newari metalwork at its finest.

History 
The history of Bhaktapur Durbar Square dates back to the ancient Malla dynasty, which ruled over the Kathmandu Valley from the 12th to the 18th century. Bhaktapur, also known as Bhadgaon, was the capital of the Malla kingdom during a significant part of this period. The Durbar Square served as the royal palace complex, the political and administrative center, and a focal point for religious and cultural activities.

The Malla rulers of Bhaktapur were great patrons of art, architecture, and culture, and their reign marked a golden era in the development of Newari craftsmanship and architectural styles. Many of the iconic structures in Bhaktapur Durbar Square were constructed during this time, showcasing the artistic brilliance and creative vision of the Malla artisans.

The square's architectural masterpieces, such as the 55-Window Palace, the Golden Gate, and the Taleju Temple, were built over several centuries, with each successive ruler adding their contributions to the complex. The meticulous wood carvings, intricate metalwork, and splendid pagoda-style temples are a testament to the expertise and dedication of the Newari artisans.

Bhaktapur Durbar Square also played a crucial role in the religious and cultural life of the city. It was a place where important religious ceremonies, festivals, and rituals were conducted. The temples and courtyards within the square were not only places of worship but also served as gathering points for the local community.

Over the centuries, Bhaktapur faced several challenges, including invasions and earthquakes. The devastating earthquake of 1934 caused significant damage to the structures in the square. However, the people of Bhaktapur, with their strong sense of heritage and identity, worked tirelessly to rebuild and restore the historical structures to their former glory.

In 1979, Bhaktapur Durbar Square, along with six other monument zones in the Kathmandu Valley, was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, recognizing its outstanding universal value and significance in preserving Nepal's cultural heritage.

Today, Bhaktapur Durbar Square remains a vibrant and living testament to the rich history and cultural legacy of Nepal. It continues to draw tourists, historians, and art enthusiasts from around the world, offering them an opportunity to marvel at the architectural wonders of the past and experience the living traditions of the present. The square stands as a symbol of Bhaktapur's resilience and enduring commitment to preserving its unique heritage for future generations to cherish and appreciate.

Interesting facts about Bhaktapur

City of Devotees: Bhaktapur's name translates to "City of Devotees," reflecting the deep-rooted religious and spiritual significance of the place.

  • UNESCO World Heritage Site: The entire city of Bhaktapur, including the Durbar Square, has been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1979, making it a significant cultural treasure.
  • Malla Kingdom: Bhaktapur was once the capital of the Malla Kingdom, one of the three major kingdoms that ruled over the Kathmandu Valley during the medieval period.
  • Well-Preserved Architecture: Bhaktapur is renowned for its well-preserved medieval architecture, which includes intricately carved wooden windows, artistic doorways, and traditional Newari buildings.
  • 55-Window Palace: The 55-Window Palace in Bhaktapur Durbar Square is a prime example of Newari architecture. It has 55 intricately carved wooden windows and was the royal residence during the Malla era.
  • Nyatapola Temple: The Nyatapola Temple, located in Bhaktapur Durbar Square, is a five-story pagoda and is one of the tallest and most impressive pagoda-style temples in Nepal.
  • Potter's Square: Bhaktapur has a famous pottery square known as "Potter's Square," where you can witness skilled artisans creating various pottery items using traditional methods.
  • Home of the Living Goddess: Bhaktapur is one of the places where you can find a living goddess, known as the Kumari. She is a young girl who is revered as the living incarnation of the goddess Taleju and is worshipped by both Hindus and Buddhists.
  • Bhaktapur Festivals: The city is known for its vibrant festivals, and the major ones include the Bisket Jatra, Indra Jatra, and Dashain. These festivals are celebrated with much enthusiasm and traditional rituals.
  • Lanes without Vehicles: Many parts of Bhaktapur's city center are pedestrian-only zones, allowing visitors to stroll through its narrow lanes and experience a charming, car-free atmosphere.
  • Bhaktapur's Famous Juju Dhau: Bhaktapur is famous for its delicious yogurt known as "Juju Dhau." It is made using traditional methods and is a must-try local delicacy for visitors.
  • Bhaktapur Art and Craft: The city is renowned for its traditional art and craft, including pottery, woodcarving, metalwork, and thangka painting, making it a hub for artisans and craftsmen.
  • Bhaktapur's blend of history, culture, and artistic heritage makes it a captivating destination for travelers seeking an authentic experience of Nepal's vibrant traditions and ancient past.

Major festivals of Bhaktapur

Bhaktapur, a culturally rich city in Nepal, celebrates various festivals with great enthusiasm and fervor. Some of the major festivals observed in Bhaktapur include:

  • Bisket Jatra: Bisket Jatra is one of the most significant festivals in Bhaktapur and is celebrated in the Nepali month of Baisakh (April). It marks the beginning of the Nepali New Year. The festival involves pulling a massive wooden chariot carrying idols of different deities through the streets of Bhaktapur. The chariot-pulling is a symbolic representation of various mythological events and is accompanied by music, dances, and lively processions.
  • Indra Jatra: Indra Jatra is a week-long festival celebrated in Bhaktapur, which usually falls in September. It honors Indra, the King of Heaven, and the living goddess Kumari plays a significant role in the festivities. During the festival, masked dances, cultural performances, and traditional rituals take place in Bhaktapur's Durbar Square.
  • Dashain: Dashain, also known as the Festival of Victory, is the biggest and most important Hindu festival in Nepal. It usually takes place in September or October. During Dashain, Bhaktapur witnesses an air of festivity with colorful decorations, worship ceremonies, and the sacrifice of animals as offerings to the goddess Durga.
  • Tihar (Deepawali): Tihar, also known as Deepawali or the Festival of Lights, is another significant festival celebrated in Bhaktapur. It is a five-day festival that honors different animals, including crows, dogs, cows, and oxen, with offerings and prayers. The festival is marked by the lighting of oil lamps and colorful decorations throughout the city.
  • Gai Jatra: Gai Jatra, also known as the Festival of Cows, is observed in August or September. It is a unique festival that honors those who have lost family members during the past year. People participate in processions with symbolic cows to help the departed souls find their way to heaven. Satirical performances and costumes are also common during Gai Jatra.
  • Janaipurnima (Raksha Bandhan): Janaipurnima is a festival celebrated by Hindus, and it typically falls in August. On this day, Hindus change their sacred thread (janai) and offer prayers to Lord Shiva. It is also a day when sisters tie Rakhi threads around the wrists of their brothers as a symbol of love and protection.

These festivals not only hold religious significance but also provide a glimpse into the vibrant cultural traditions and customs of Bhaktapur. Visitors to the city during these festive times can witness the rich cultural heritage and experience the joyful and colorful celebrations that bring the community together.


Things to do in Bhaktapur
Bhaktapur offers a wide range of activities and experiences for visitors to immerse themselves in the city's rich culture, history, and art. Here are some things you can do in Bhaktapur:

  • Explore Bhaktapur Durbar Square: Begin your journey by exploring the Bhaktapur Durbar Square, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Marvel at the stunning architecture, intricately carved wooden windows, and ancient temples.
  • Visit Nyatapola Temple: Climb the steps of the Nyatapola Temple, a five-story pagoda dedicated to the goddess Siddhi Lakshmi. Admire its impressive height and the detailed stone sculptures surrounding it.
  • Discover Pottery Square: Head to Pottery Square (Potters' Square) to witness skilled potters creating pottery using traditional methods. You can even try your hand at pottery-making under their guidance.
  • Meet the Living Goddess: If you're lucky, you may catch a glimpse of the Kumari, the living goddess of Bhaktapur. Check the Kumari Ghar (Kumari Chowk) for scheduled appearances.
  • Wander through Taumadhi Square: Taumadhi Square is another picturesque square in Bhaktapur, featuring the iconic Nyatapola Temple and other historical structures.
  • Visit the Art Galleries: Bhaktapur is home to various art galleries and studios where you can admire and purchase traditional Newari art, thangka paintings, and handicrafts.
  • Experience Local Festivals: If your visit coincides with festivals like Bisket Jatra, Indra Jatra, or Dashain, immerse yourself in the vibrant celebrations and religious rituals.
  • Try Juju Dhau: Don't miss the opportunity to savor Bhaktapur's famous yogurt, Juju Dhau, renowned for its unique taste and creamy texture.
  • Take a Cooking Class: Join a cooking class to learn how to prepare authentic Newari dishes and gain insight into the region's culinary traditions.
  • Enjoy Local Cuisine: Sample the diverse range of Newari dishes at traditional restaurants and street food stalls. Be sure to try dishes like momo, chatamari, and yomari.
  • Hike to Changu Narayan Temple: Embark on a hike to Changu Narayan Temple, a UNESCO-listed Hindu temple with incredible views of the surrounding landscape.
  • Witness Woodcarving Workshops: Visit woodcarving workshops and observe skilled artisans crafting intricate wooden masterpieces.
  • Take a Rickshaw Ride: Explore the city in a traditional rickshaw, which allows you to navigate through Bhaktapur's narrow streets and experience its unique charm.
  • Visit Bhaktapur Thimi: Consider taking a short trip to Bhaktapur Thimi, a nearby town known for its pottery and traditional masks.
  • Experience a Homestay: Engage in a homestay experience with a local family to get an authentic insight into their way of life and traditions.

Bhaktapur's cultural richness and the warm hospitality of its people create an unforgettable experience for travelers seeking to delve into Nepal's history and immerse themselves in its timeless heritage.

How to reach Bhaktapur?
Bhaktapur is easily accessible from Kathmandu, the capital city of Nepal, as well as other major cities in the country. Here are the common transportation options to reach Bhaktapur:

  • By Road: If you are in Kathmandu, you can reach Bhaktapur by road. Public buses, private buses, and taxis operate between the two cities. Public buses are the most economical option, but they can be crowded and may not have fixed schedules. Private taxis and tourist vehicles are also available for a more comfortable and convenient journey.
  • By Local Bus: If you are in Thamel or Ratna Park area in Kathmandu, you can take a local bus to Bhaktapur. Buses from these areas frequently run to Bhaktapur, and the fare is relatively affordable.
  • By Rental Bike or Motorcycle: For more adventurous travelers, renting a bike or motorcycle in Kathmandu and riding to Bhaktapur can be an exciting option. However, keep in mind that traffic in Kathmandu can be chaotic, so ensure that you are experienced in riding in such conditions.
  • By Tourist Bus: Tourist buses also operate between Kathmandu and Bhaktapur. These buses provide a more comfortable journey with air-conditioning and designated pick-up and drop-off points. Tourist buses are generally available at Thamel or major tourist hubs in Kathmandu.

It's essential to check the current travel conditions and routes, as they may change due to ongoing roadwork or other factors. The best mode of transportation to Bhaktapur depends on your budget, comfort preference, and the level of adventure you seek. Whether you choose public transportation or a private vehicle, the journey to Bhaktapur offers an opportunity to witness the scenic beauty and cultural richness of Nepal.

In conclusion, Bhaktapur Durbar Square is a captivating destination that takes visitors on a journey through time. Its rich architectural heritage, intricate craftsmanship, and vibrant cultural activities make it a must-visit place for anyone exploring Nepal's cultural and historical legacy. A visit to Bhaktapur Durbar Square is an unforgettable experience, offering a glimpse into the glorious past and the living traditions of this enchanting city.